2016年4月10日

更多壯麗的聖海倫斯火山照片供您欣賞

我們將繼續在充滿精彩聖海倫斯火山照片的美國地質調查局資料庫中探索

作者：Dana Hunter

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本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路，僅反映作者的觀點，不一定代表《大眾科學》的觀點

我仍在瀏覽美國地質調查局關於聖海倫斯火山的影像資料庫。這需要一段時間——有近兩千張影像需要分類、編目和儲存。我正在 Facebook 上分享我找到的一些最好的照片：我也會在這裡分享它們！

非常壯麗的聖海倫斯火山噴發前照片。務必放大觀看。您會看到令人驚歎的冰川地質、倒置地形、古老的熔岩穹丘和亞當斯山。令人垂涎欲滴。務必點選檢視完整影像。

Black and white image shows Mount St. Helens at the extreme right. The most prominent feature is a glacier descending from the summit, and a deep valley it carved almost all the way down the slope in colder times. Looking towards Mount Rainier in the distance, there are several ridges that look like valleys that lava flows once flowed down; the surrounding, softer material has since eroded away. Mount Rainier is visible in the background on the right.
聖海倫斯火山噴發前從東北方向的航拍圖，前景為聖海倫斯火山，背景為雷尼爾山。圖片和說明由美國地質調查局提供。

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這是一個關於5月18日噴發的清晰視覺化解釋。

Image is a series of white line drawings on a black background, going from top left to bottom right. The first shows Mount St. Helens just before the eruption, and marks the locations of the summit dome, the cryptodome beneath it, and Goat Rocks dome on the side. The second picture shows Goat Rocks and the Cryptodome each coming down in its own landslide block. The third picture shows the landslide blocks reaching the valley, and the initial explosions emerging from the top and the side. The final drawing shows the landslide blocks resting on the valley floor, and the vertical eruption column rising from the remnants of the volcano.
J.G. Moore 繪製的簡單圖表，展示了 1980 年 5 月 18 日聖海倫斯火山的噴發序列。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。圖片和說明由美國地質調查局提供。

為了我的俄勒岡州的朋友們：噴發中的聖海倫斯火山，背景是胡德山。

Black and white image shows the new summit of Mount St. Helens from the northwest. You can see part of the notch the landslide and lateral blast left. A huge eruption column is pouring out of the top and bending northward. The flanks of the summit are streaked gray and black. In the distance, Mount Hood is a white triangle - its pointy top is quite distinctive.
1980 年 5 月 18 日，聖海倫斯火山噴發，向東南方向望去，遠處地平線上是白雪皚皚的胡德山。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。

在 5 月 18 日噴發後立即拍攝的令人毛骨悚然的照片。我們正在眺望精靈湖。前景中，蒸汽從噴發沉積物中的噴氣孔中噴出。

Image is looking across a plain of volcanic deposits towards mountains in the background. Everything is dark and gloomy except for the brilliant white steam plumes emerging from a crevasse in the foreground deposits. There is a crater with dark gray ash roiling from it in the center front: the ash plume is being blown toward the back left of the photo by the wind. Just beyond the plumes, scattered patches of dark water are visible in the destruction: the new Spirit Lake.
聖海倫斯火山噴發後，精靈湖的傾斜航拍圖；前景是爆炸區域的次生蒸汽噴氣孔。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。1980年。圖片和說明由美國地質調查局提供。

絕對華麗的影像，展示了 1980 年 5 月 18 日火山碎屑流上的噴氣孔。

Image is taken from the base of a steep slope of mottled gray and light gray volcanic deposits, rising to a crest with boulders sticking out. Erosion has begun to cut shallow ravines int he slopes. Near the top, there are patches of harvest yellow where fumaroles have deposited sulfur: the color really pops against all that gray. The sky is deep blue with a few wispy white clouds.
聖海倫斯火山 5 月 18 日噴發的火山碎屑流上的噴氣孔。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。1980 年 6 月 1 日。

這是一個非常華麗的噴氣孔，位於 5 月 18 日噴發的火山碎屑沉積物上，地質學家作為比例尺。您知道，災難性的破壞造就了壯麗的景觀。

Image shows an amphitheater ringed by rocky gray ridges. There is a touch of orange in the rim of the far ridge. In the foreground, another, lower ridge is topped with a streak of yellow-orange. Two geologists stand on top of the long orange deposit, looking down into the smooth volcanic ash scattered with logs. One has his hands on his hips.
聖海倫斯火山 5 月 18 日噴發的火山碎屑流上的噴氣孔和地質學家。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。1980 年 7 月 1 日。圖片和說明由美國地質調查局提供。

地質學家正在觀看 1980 年 8 月 7 日的噴發。我不知道你們怎麼樣，但在五月份發生那件事之後，如果要我站在那裡拍攝火山爆發，我得花很多時間和精力鼓起勇氣。

Image shows Mount St. Helens in the near distance from directly to the north, erupting a thick plume of grayish-tan ash. Two geologists stand on the ridge in front of it, filming the eruption. One is kneeling, one is standing. A case of open equipment sits between them.
1980 年 8 月 7 日聖海倫斯火山噴發的時間推移。前景中的地質學家作為比例尺。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。圖片和說明由美國地質調查局提供。

火山噴發對火山監測裝置相當不利。這是 Kid Valley 大地測量目標在上方噴發過後後的樣子。

Image shows a very bedraggled target: basically a post with boards nailed horizontally to it, with round reflectors attached to the boards. The top board is knocked askew and half-torn off. A chunk has been torn off the right side of the bottom board. Someone has left a backpack beside the target. In the background is a valley filled with volcanic deposits, and tall craggy ridges stripped of all life. Steam rises from the base of the ridges.
聖海倫斯火山 8 月 7 日噴發後的 Kid Valley 大地測量目標。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。1980 年 8 月 9 日。圖片和說明由美國地質調查局提供。

這是一張 1982 年 5 月 19 日拍攝的非常可愛的照片。您可以看到聖海倫斯火山還沒有完全平靜下來。照片由 Lyn Topinka 拍攝，她拍攝了許多關於這座火山的精彩照片。隨著我們的深入，您將看到更多她的作品。

Image shows a snow-shrouded Mount St. Helens reflected in the calm waters of Spirit Lake. A plume of steam rises from the center of her crater: the top of it has been blown by the wind into anvil-shaped clouds close to the summit. The sky is a cloudless dark blue.
1980 年 5 月 18 日噴發兩年後，聖海倫斯火山倒映在精靈湖中。華盛頓州斯卡馬尼亞縣。1982 年 5 月 19 日。照片由 Lyn Topinka 拍攝。圖片和說明由美國地質調查局提供。

我將展示更多 1980 年 5 月 18 日之前、期間和之後的可愛照片。我還計劃在本月進行一些非火山探險。我們將涉足與華盛頓州西部周圍年輕地質構造截然不同的地質領域。敬請期待！

 

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