發推特拯救世界

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本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點


所以超級風暴桑迪來襲,幾乎把每個人都擊倒了——然後呢?去哪裡?避難所?食物?哪些街道是開放的,哪些被洪水淹沒?有人在某個地方發放毯子或鏈鋸嗎?什麼時候?

根據北卡羅來納大學研究生朱莉·麥基的說法,她正在攻讀技術與傳播碩士學位,你不能只是說,“上網查一下”。事實上,她正在努力弄清楚接下來應該發生什麼,以及如何發生:她在網上釋出了一份調查問卷,以瞭解人們在災難期間和之後如何使用紅十字會的社交媒體:龍捲風?颶風?公共安全緊急事件?洪水、暴風雪、地震?麥基想聽聽這些情況。

她引用了一個驚人的統計資料:“四分之三的美國人期望在災難發生後在 Facebook 或 Twitter 上釋出訊息時獲得幫助”。也就是說,根據 2012 年紅十字會的一項調查,在災難發生後,76% 的美國人期望在社交媒體上釋出請求後三小時內獲得幫助。而且這還是在沒有任何正式的社交媒體響應計劃的情況下。當然,目前紅十字會在災難響應期間會密切關注社交媒體動態,但對於這種事情應該如何運作,還沒有標準。事實上,紅十字會明確告訴你:撥打 911!他們有一個由志願者組成的社交媒體團隊。但他們並不傻,所以他們正在努力弄清楚如何與人們在他們所在的地方會合。


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因此有了麥基的工作。她正在與紅十字會合作開展她的專案,試圖為紅十字會在災難響應期間使用社交媒體制定最佳實踐。再說一遍——她的調查問卷只需幾分鐘,將幫助紅十字會和其他機構弄清楚如何在社交媒體上最好地應對災難。無論是“數字擁抱”(志願者只是做出回應並說,“天哪,太可怕了,堅持住”),還是做一些提供有關食物投放點、水純度和安全交通路線的資訊之類的事情,麥基都在努力弄清楚機構如何更快、更有效地釋出資訊——以及食物、毯子和救援人員。

紅十字會並非無所作為:它推出了專門的應用程式,用於颶風準備、避難所位置和急救技巧等。颶風應用程式甚至有一個一鍵“我沒事”按鈕、一個手電筒和一個警報器:它有點像瑞士軍刀手機。

而且麥基絕不是第一個研究這個話題的人:一位科學家 莎拉·維韋格 發現,在災後推文中,有十二分之一到四分之一來自相關人員的推文包含可操作的資訊:實際上可以幫助他們獲得幫助的東西。

所以無論如何,花一點時間(麥基估計七分鐘)填寫調查問卷,幫助紅十字會為下一次超級風暴為每個人改進工作。

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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