多倫多電網滾動執行

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本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定代表《大眾科學》的觀點。


我的同事梅麗莎·洛特今天在這個專欄非常有先見之明地回顧了2012年印度大規模停電事件,並討論了用於應對未來類似事件的新演算法。

旁白:雷聲響起。多倫多在7月8日晚降雨近5英寸,市中心被淹,規模空前。自然而然地,在如此強度的暴風雨過後,許多人斷電了——事實上,在暴風雨最嚴重的時候,約有30萬人斷電,之後仍有2萬人斷電。

隨後,情況變得明朗,為多倫多電力電網供電的安省電力公司的一個發電站被淹沒在20英尺的水下,正如多倫多市長羅布·福特所說,“電力供應岌岌可危”。第一個呼籲是透過負荷削減來減少客戶的電力需求——要求客戶關閉一切可以關閉的電器,調低空調,關好冰箱門等等。現在大多數公用事業公司都透過要求商業和工業客戶自願允許其電力公用事業公司管理其負荷來提供成本節約,例如,允許在電力消耗高時提高空調恆溫器設定,以避免電網過載。許多公司也為住宅客戶提供同樣的優惠。智慧電網和許多現有的家庭管理程式的前提是負荷轉移——能源需求高峰通常在早餐時間和傍晚時分,因此,如果您將洗碗機和洗衣機設定為在凌晨 2 點工作,您就為您的公用事業公司幫了忙,並且可以從中獲得經濟回報。另一方面,大自然不遵守任何此類協議——當五英寸的降雨淹沒您的發電站時,您最終會陷入岌岌可危的境地,以至於多倫多電力公司不得不實施熟悉的第三世界策略——輪流停電,即某些地區的電力會中斷,而斷電的客戶獲得的唯一好處是——但願——收到一些通知。


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加拿大廣播公司記者克里·沃爾當時正在現場。在她下班前,她建立了一個停電區域的谷歌地圖——並將其設定為讀者可更新。因此,多倫多讀者可以在回家前檢視他們的社群是否通電——或者如果停電,可以另作安排。

微電網的辯護者將從中找到對其設想的社群規模電力系統的支援,儘管只有當你的社群沒有被淹沒在 20 英尺的水下時,這個想法才會讓你感到安慰;傳統電網的支持者會吹噓多倫多電力公司能夠以多快的速度讓整個電網恢復執行。很難看到這樣一場風暴支援任何人的立場,除了現實主義者。當一場巨大的風暴來臨時,有時燈就會熄滅。

 

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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