能拯救福島的機器人來了

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本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點


TIEEE Spectrum 上這篇關於福島第一核電站最初 24 小時地獄般時間線的傑出文章提出了預期的觀察:整個危機本可以透過一些 19 世紀或更早的工程技術手段來避免:不要把發電機放在可能被洪水淹沒的地下室;如果發電機在需要疏散的危機期間可能面臨風險,就不要把備用發電機放在數百公里之外的輪式車輛上,這些車輛將不得不與逃離的交通流作鬥爭,在被毀壞的道路上,才能到達危機現場。

但這就是工程學:你總是通過出錯來學習哪裡出了問題。然而,一旦情況變得糟糕,這篇文章描述了有多少次人們本可以採取糾正措施,如果他們能夠安全到達那裡的話,但他們做不到,因為那裡是一個放射性噩夢。

所以,自然而然地,就輪到巨型機器人登場了。碰巧的是,目前設計機器人的人們正在專門考慮福島的情況:“像福島核反應堆這樣的地方可以由類似 PETMAN 的機器人進入……而不需要任何人類暴露於有害物質,”波士頓動力公司總裁馬克·雷伯特表示,該公司正在開發你在這裡看到的看起來像終結者的傢伙。正如現在的情況,福島已經使用了大量的機器人,但沒有一個機器人能做到人能做的事情。比如跑步、流汗和做俯臥撐


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所以好訊息是,技術在幫助我們製造問題的同時,最終也將幫助我們清理它。無論 PETMAN 有多酷,這都不是什麼新聞。但同樣值得記住的是——那些福島工人絕不是唯一冒著生命危險來維持我們的電力、線路暢通和基礎設施運轉的人。在 2005 年,美國十大最致命的工作中有兩個是像電力線路安裝工(第八致命,每十萬工人中有 30 人死亡)和固體廢物收集工(第五致命,每十萬工人中有 43.2 人死亡)這樣平凡的工作。順便說一句,這兩者都比警察和消防員的死亡率高得多,後者的死亡率低於每十萬分之 17。

是的,我們正在設計機器人固體廢物收集器,但不知何故沒有人對此感到太興奮。

垃圾車圖片來自羅利市。福島圖片和 PETMAN 圖片來自 IEEE Spectrum。

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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