風之名

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本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點。


當大家都在關注與風暴相關的厄運時,這或許是關注不那麼兇險的桑迪颶風花絮的合適時機。

我要說的是名字。好吧,有弗蘭肯風暴(Frankenstorm),顯然來自美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA),已被所有人使用,但有點令人沮喪。然後是Snor’eastercane,我在《大西洋月刊》上看到過,至少它的優點是新穎。而總是令人愉快的傑斯·齊默曼Grist創造了Frankenstormzillapocalypse這個詞。

但是,無論你是否喜歡這些特別聰明的風暴名稱(已經有一個故事關於你最喜歡的名稱說明了什麼),都很難否認一件事:給風暴命名是科學上的神來之筆。


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令人驚訝的是,它始於1950年,正式確定了一個僅追溯到幾年前的慣例,即1941年喬治·斯圖爾特出版的《風暴》(基思·C·海多恩,《天氣醫生》,稱之為“有史以來最好的天氣小說”,這有點像稱之為十年來最好的克利夫蘭足球隊)。我讀過《風暴》,我可以告訴你,這實際上是一本很棒的書,特別是對於科學家而言。因為科學的很大一部分是給事物命名的實踐——想想林奈、門捷列夫、盧克·霍華德

故事是這樣的。在《風暴》中,斯圖爾特塑造了一個只被稱為“初級氣象學家”的角色。(這本書裡的人沒有名字——只有風暴有名字;它不是弗蘭肯風暴末日,但它很聰明,對吧?)這位初級氣象學家提出了一個非常明智的觀點,即“每場風暴實際上都是一個個體,他更容易說(當然是對自己說)‘安東尼婭’,而不是‘昨天位於東經175度、北緯42度的低壓中心’。”這位初級氣象學家將書中標題中的風暴稱為“瑪麗亞”。(我在我幾年前為《泰晤士報》寫的關於這個話題的文章中給出了更多細節,但是的:發音是 Ma-RYE-a,是的,那首歌就是從那裡來的。)雖然之前也曾給一些大型風暴命名——想想1815年的九月大風暴或1938年的長島特快——但大多數風暴都只是……風暴。然後就有了斯圖爾特的書。

根據海多恩的這篇文章,這本書顯然導致士兵們在二戰時隨身攜帶這本書,這促使美國海軍氣象學家採用了命名習慣。到1950年,美國氣象學家開始使用“abel-baker-charley”軍用字母表,並在1953年改用女性名字。人們在1979年注意到這是性別歧視,並在其中加入了男性名字。一本名字如此普通的書——《風暴》——創造了一種孕育瞭如此語言創造力的傳統,這真是太棒了。

無論如何。只是在您往浴缸裡注滿應急用水並等待電力閃爍然後消失時,可以閱讀的一點小東西。快——按下“列印”按鈕。稍後見。與此同時,您可以開始思考善後工作的名稱了。

 

 

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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