世界廁所日的啟示

加入我們的科學愛好者社群!

本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點


是的。你沒聽錯:11月19日是世界廁所日。由供水與衛生合作理事會世界廁所組織發起(並由Domestos,一個聯合利華清潔品牌支援),這一天提醒我們這些擁有溫暖舒適的浴室和衛生設施良好的人,並非所有人都是如此。

例如,想想25億缺乏清潔廁所的人。還記得《貧民窟的百萬富翁》中的旱廁場景嗎?世界各地都是如此。

這是一個驚人的數字,考慮到2007年,《英國醫學雜誌》要求讀者說出1840年以來最重要的醫學裡程碑時,他們選擇了現代衛生設施——這擊敗了抗生素、麻醉劑或疫苗等發明。然而,仍有25億人沒有衛生設施。


關於支援科學新聞業

如果您喜歡這篇文章,請考慮透過以下方式支援我們屢獲殊榮的新聞報道 訂閱。透過購買訂閱,您將幫助確保有關塑造我們今天世界的發現和思想的具有影響力的故事的未來。


因此,值得提醒我們自己,即使像25億需要衛生設施的人這樣巨大的問題,也並非總是需要巨大的解決方案。小步驟也有幫助。

舉個例子(感謝優秀的馬特·希普曼),考慮一下北卡羅來納州立大學的研究生泰特·羅傑斯,他應用了不比阿基米德螺旋更復雜的技術來解決古老的難題:當坑式廁所滿了之後該怎麼辦。

泰特在農場長大,他說他花了幾天時間思考才想出他的想法,這個想法在泰特進入研究生院之前就贏得了比爾和梅琳達·蓋茨基金會的10萬美元資助。泰特的發明只需要一臺汽油發動機、一些PVC管和一個螺旋鑽。這是泰特談論該發明的一些優點:

“原型機的流速高達每分鐘13加侖。生產成本不到750美元,我們估計每個排空坑式廁所的成本不到5美元,而目前的技術則為30-80美元。”

這不是建造一個2萬億美元的汙水處理系統,也不是需要整個電網的電力供應。而是將髒東西從房屋中取出並轉移到可以重複使用或處理的地方。拯救家庭的生命。

只需五美元。

大問題。小而廉價的解決方案。工程師們真棒。科學真棒。泰特·羅傑斯和他的同類們開始工作了,真棒。

附註:值得了解和講述的趣聞:許多廢水處理廠仍然使用阿基米德螺旋將水輸送到工廠的進水構築物,之後汙水會向下流動。不要破壞有效的方法。

 

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

More by Scott Huler
© .