雨滴傳播作物疾病 [影片]

農民證實,某些作物病害,如小麥鏽病,似乎在暴雨後傳播得更遠更快。研究人員對可能的原因提出了各種想法。

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農民證實,某些作物病害,如小麥鏽病,似乎在暴雨後傳播得更遠更快。研究人員對可能的原因提出了各種想法。但得益於高速影片,來自美國麻省理工學院(M.I.T.)和比利時列日大學的研究團隊剛剛發現了一個意想不到的罪魁禍首:雨滴。

對葉片的仔細檢查表明,某些病原體,如小麥鏽病(一種真菌寄生蟲),並不會像通常認為的那樣以薄膜形式覆蓋葉片。它們在葉片表面以液滴形式生長。正因如此,當雨滴擊中病原體時,它們可以將病原體擊入空中,使其傳播得非常遠而廣。數百次真實和模擬雨滴以及病原體液滴試驗的高速影片(見上文)展示了碰撞過程,甚至揭示了兩種主要的發射機制。引用美國麻省理工學院(M.I.T.)的新聞稿,一種情況是“雨滴在撞擊時變平,滑到[病原體]液滴下方,並將其向上拋射成弧線。” 第二種情況是“雨滴實際上從未接觸到[病原體]液滴,而是將葉片向下推,導致液滴向下滑動,然後在葉片彈起時彈射出去”。


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這項工作可能有助於植物育種者改變作物葉片的機械特性。或者,它可能會鼓勵農民在田地裡種植交替作物的行,這可以防止從一行發射的空氣傳播病原體到達兩行之外的同類植物。我目前的結論是:影片非常酷。

影片和靜態影像由美國麻省理工學院(M.I.T.)新聞辦公室提供

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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