聯邦機構鼓勵其科學家大膽發聲

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本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點


舊金山——公眾有時會對政府機構產生的科學成果提出質疑,認為這些發現可能是為了支援特定的政治政策或立場,或是為了轉移對這些政策的批評。美國國家海洋和大氣管理局(NOAA)局長簡·盧布琴科昨天釋出了一項正式的科學誠信政策,旨在消除這種懷疑論。她在年度美國地球物理聯合會會議的新聞釋出會上表示,該政策“堅定地支援我們的科學家及其科學活動,保護科學發現的使用,從而增進公眾對NOAA科學的信任。”

NOAA的科學家致力於解決許多已經政治化或具有嚴重公共影響的問題。其中最主要的是氣候變化的程度,一些批評者仍然聲稱氣候變化不存在;環境事故,例如“深水地平線”石油洩漏事件;惡劣天氣預報(國家氣象局是NOAA的一部分);以及長期乾旱和海平面上升預測,這些都可能對商業和公共政策產生重大影響。

誠信政策中最引人注目的條款也許是明確宣告,NOAA的科學家可以自由地與媒體和公眾談論他們的工作,而無需獲得NOAA任何人的許可——甚至無需通知該機構的公共事務辦公室。盧布琴科補充說,NOAA員工可以自由地就工作以外的事項發表意見,只要他們明確表示自己不是在傳達官方機構立場


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盧布琴科指出,該政策是奧巴馬總統在其執政初期釋出的一項指令的最終成果,該指令旨在“恢復科學在決策中的應有地位”。為了實現這一目標,NOAA制定了該政策,“以保護科學發現免受壓制、歪曲或篡改,加強科學並鼓勵透明文化。”

盧布琴科斷言,透明度是關鍵。根據該政策,NOAA將釋出關於科學不端行為調查的資訊,並將保護舉報人免受被迫保持沉默的壓力以及來自主管或機構內任何其他人的後續報復。

盧布琴科表示,她認為其機構的政策比任何其他聯邦政策都更進一步地促進了開放科學。NOAA曾公開該政策草案以徵求意見,並收到了來自公眾和其自身員工的17,000條評論。她認為,最終檔案現在可以作為此類政府政策的典範,並表示其他聯邦機構已經開始研究該政策,以幫助制定自己的政策。她補充說,她希望與NOAA科學家合作的外部機構、公司和研究機構“將效仿”,並採取類似的科學誠信政策,以擴大開放性並阻止在更廣泛的世界中濫用科學。

圖片由美國國防部提供

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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