納帕、冰島和... 俄亥俄州的地震?

今天到處都是照片,展示了納帕谷(加州著名的葡萄酒產區)的地面上破碎的葡萄酒瓶,在某些情況下還有葡萄酒桶——它們在週日早些時候發生的 6.0 級地震中被震落在地。

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本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點。


今天到處都是照片,展示了納帕谷(加州著名的葡萄酒產區)的地面上破碎的葡萄酒瓶,在某些情況下還有葡萄酒桶——它們在週日早些時候發生的 6.0 級地震中被震落在地。

新聞媒體也在定期釋出來自冰島的報道,過去一週,在 巴達本加火山 周圍地區發生了數千次小地震。地質學家表示,震動是由地下岩漿移動引起的,他們正在使用地震發生的位置來追蹤岩漿的運動。

當然,加州中部靠近我們已知的重大地質斷層,大量移動的岩漿會震動上方地表是有道理的。但越來越多的證據表明,人類活動也在引發地震。 2011 年西班牙發生的 5.1 級地震夷平了一個城鎮,造成 9 人死亡,這與農業有關。幾十年來,許多農民為了灌溉從地下抽取了大量的水,導致地下水位下降了多達 250 米,科學家們認為,水壓的變化導致斷層移動,從而引發了地震。


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將大量來自水力壓裂作業的廢水泵回地下已被認為是俄亥俄州地震的原因。石油鑽探已被認為與加利福尼亞州、俄克拉荷馬州和伊利諾伊州的地震有關。中國新建水壩後積水也被認為是當地地震的原因。

更多關於人類如何震動地球的資訊請見下方《大眾科學》即時智庫影片。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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