生物多樣性熱點地區變得更熱(這不是好事)

生物多樣性熱點地區是地球上的黃金地帶,動植物的數量和多樣性異常豐富。環保主義者認為,熱點地區是最需要保護的地方,以抵禦人類發展和氣候變化帶來的不良影響。

加入我們的科學愛好者社群!

本文發表於《大眾科學》的前部落格網路,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點


生物多樣性熱點地區是地球上的黃金地帶,動植物的數量和多樣性異常豐富。環保主義者認為,熱點地區是最需要保護的地方,以抵禦人類發展和氣候變化帶來的不良影響。然而,這個術語並不意味著溫度升高是有益的。事實證明,最大的溫度升高將發生在熱點地區最集中的地方。

去年,夏威夷大學的卡米洛·莫拉領導的一個科學家團隊釋出了一張地圖,以驚人的細節顯示了年平均氣溫完全超出1860年至2005年建立的正常範圍的年份。即使是涼爽的年份,也會比過去的炎熱年份更熱。如果各國繼續以目前的速度排放二氧化碳,許多地區將在2047年達到這種極端水平。但是,“新的異常”將在熱帶地區更早出現。不幸的是,那裡是許多熱點地區存在的地方。而且那裡也是動物最難適應溫度變化的地方,因為它們在極其穩定的氣候中已經生存了很長時間。

該小組製作了八張地圖,顯示了陸地和海洋中哺乳動物、鳥類、爬行動物、兩棲動物和魚類的全球熱點地區,並將這些地圖疊加在顯示未來溫度變化的地圖之上。下圖深紅色區域顯示的是最早達到異常溫度水平的地區,紅色輪廓線顯示的是陸生哺乳動物的熱點地區。這種重疊令人震驚。


關於支援科學新聞報道

如果您喜歡這篇文章,請考慮透過以下方式支援我們屢獲殊榮的新聞報道: 訂閱。透過購買訂閱,您正在幫助確保關於塑造我們今天世界的發現和想法的具有影響力的故事的未來。


接下來的七張地圖顯示了相同的溫度帶,疊加在其他類群的熱點地區:海洋哺乳動物、陸生鳥類、海洋鳥類、陸生爬行動物、海洋爬行動物、海洋魚類和兩棲動物。瞭解不同熱點地區的位置已經很有趣了。意識到與過度溫度升高的嚴重重疊是一個警鐘。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

More by Mark Fischetti
© .