史前藝術洞穴在微生物侵擾後重新開放。

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本文發表在《大眾科學》的前部落格網路中,反映了作者的觀點,不一定反映《大眾科學》的觀點


雖然這有點超出我的專業領域,但我強烈建議您檢視卡門·德拉爾關於西班牙阿爾塔米拉洞穴重新開放的文章,該洞穴以其史前壁畫而聞名,在2002年因遊客將細菌帶入洞穴壁從而破壞了壁畫而關閉。一定要看看文章末尾的資訊圖。

洞穴藝術,前途未卜


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西班牙最著名的史前藝術的所在洞穴,在因微生物侵擾而對公眾關閉後正在恢復。當地政府官員推動重新開放阿爾塔米拉洞穴的舉動,讓那些努力改善其狀況的研究人員擔心他們的努力將會付諸東流(《科學》,DOI:10.1126/science.1206788)。但是,就像點綴在著名洞穴牆壁上的細菌群落一樣,決定其命運的科學和倫理問題都籠罩在灰色陰影中。

阿爾塔米拉洞穴位於西班牙北部一個村莊附近的地下,其天花板上繪製著令人驚歎的栩栩如生的幼鹿、馬和野牛。這些多色的畫像,有著超過14000年的歷史,被認為是舊石器時代巖畫的巔峰之作。聯合國教育、科學及文化組織(教科文組織)於1985年宣佈阿爾塔米拉洞穴為世界遺產。


照片:德國阿爾塔米拉洞穴繪畫的複製品。來源:維基共享資源。

"Life creates [the Force], makes it grow. Its energy surrounds us and binds us. Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter," Yoda explains in The Empire Strikes Back, gesturing to Luke's physical body. This quote is striking because of the apt juxtaposition of the wonder of life with its often disgusting vessel. Like many other animals, we secrete, excrete, expectorate, defecate, flatulate, regurgitate, urinate, circulate, masticate, menstruate, ejaculate, and ventilate. We are filled with gas and feces and blood and guts and mucus and any number of rude things. Life as we know it is possible because of the countless impolite things we do every day. Are we luminous beings? Perhaps, but that's neither here nor there. This blog is about the crude matter that keeps us alive.

Michelle Clement has a B.Sc. in zoology (with a minor in American culture studies) and a M.Sc. in organismal biology from The Ohio State University. Her thesis research was on the ecophysiology of epidermal lipids and water homeostasis in house sparrows. She now works as a technical editor for The American Chemical Society. Her broader interests include weird human and animal physiology, obesity and enteric physiology, endocrinology, sexual and reproductive health, personal genomics, anthropology (physical and cultural), sociology, and science education and communication. She lives in Ohio with her boyfriend and two cats.

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