當鯨魚有腿時

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圖片來源:JOHN KLAUSMEYER

擱淺在海灘上的現代鯨魚面臨著相當嚴峻的前景。然而,曾經有一段時間,鯨魚可以在陸地和海洋之間自由移動。事實上,已知最早的鯨魚可以追溯到 5000 萬年前,它們擁有發達的後肢,並且大多數古生物學家認為它們是從四足陸地哺乳動物進化而來的。然而,從像陸行鯨右圖)這樣具有大型功能腿的鯨魚,到最多隻有內部退化腿的流線型後代,這一轉變的細節仍然難以捉摸,這歸因於化石記錄中中間形式的稀少。然而,昨天在墨西哥城舉行的脊椎動物古生物學會年會上描述的最新化石,為了解這種非凡轉變的時間提供了新的見解。

洛杉磯自然歷史博物館的勞倫斯·巴恩斯和他的同事在華盛頓州發現了所謂的晚漸新世時期一種尚未命名的古代鬚鯨的骨骼。遺骸中包括一部分骨盆。這塊 2700 萬年前的骨骼顯示出一個深而杯狀的凹槽,曾經容納著股骨或股骨頭。他說,這種古代鯨魚似乎有小的外腿。巴恩斯估計,這些腿大約有一英尺半長,可能使這種 20 英尺長的動物能夠在海灘上蹣跚而行。他推測,它的近親祖先有更大的腿。直到後來的中中新世時期,鯨魚才達到現代狀態,即沒有外部退化的後肢。巴恩斯還指出,因為長期以來人們認為這種鯨魚沒有腿,所以化石鯨魚的肢體很可能在過去被收藏家忽視了。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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