貪婪黑洞產生已知最強烈的爆炸

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天文學家發現了宇宙中最大的爆炸——一次持續了超過一億年,併產生了相當於數億次伽馬射線爆發能量的爆炸。這場混亂的根源是什麼?一個看似貪得無厭的超大質量黑洞。

NASA 的錢德拉 X 射線天文臺揭示了這次爆發,它位於一個名為 MS 0735.6 + 7421 的星系團中。具體來說,錢德拉影像顯示了兩個空腔,每個空腔寬約 65 萬光年,它們是被從黑洞噴射出的能量流沖刷出來的,而黑洞本身的質量可能是我們太陽的十億倍。俄亥俄大學的布賴恩·麥克納馬拉和他的同事今天在《自然》雜誌上宣佈了這一發現,他們認為這種巨大的能量釋放發生在物質落入黑洞時:大部分物質被吞噬,但一部分物質被相當猛烈地噴射出來。

這一發現出乎意料,不僅因為它打破了紀錄,還因為之前的研究表明,大型黑洞不像小型黑洞那樣消耗那麼多物質或生長得那麼快。“這個新結果既令人驚訝又令人興奮,”哈佛-史密森天體物理學中心的共同作者保羅·努爾森在馬薩諸塞州劍橋市評論道。“這個黑洞本應禁食,卻在盛宴。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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