水產養殖的未來

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圖片:來自西北漁業科學中心

由於全球高達 70% 的漁業資源受到過度捕撈的威脅,水產養殖業將不得不大幅擴大規模。事實上,根據上週六在澳大利亞湯斯維爾舉行的國際海洋生物技術會議上發表的主題演講,為了滿足預計的海產品需求增長,水產養殖業需要在 2025 年前將產量增加兩倍或三倍。馬里蘭大學的 Yonathan Zohar 表示,為了實現這一目標,生物技術正在發揮越來越重要的作用。

一個值得注意的研究領域是關於魚類養殖池塘中水質的過濾和監測。目前,大多數水產養殖發生在池塘或開放水域的網箱中。然而,Zohar 指出,從現在起三十年後,這種養殖方式將必須是封閉式的。透過採用封閉式系統,水產養殖者將避免諸如廢水和轉基因或非本地物種逃逸等令人擔憂的問題。此外,封閉式系統能夠最佳化生長條件,從而提高魚類的生長速度和整體健康狀況。他還指出,基因工程將培育出長得更快、飼料轉化率更高的魚類。在 Zohar 看來,這些進步是姍姍來遲的。他觀察到:“海產品是唯一仍處於狩獵和採集養殖階段的商品。” “與雞肉相比,我們遠遠落後於時代。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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