睪酮預防關鍵的阿爾茨海默病異常

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新的研究表明,睪酮治療可能預防或延緩中老年男性和女性阿爾茨海默病的發生。根據昨天《美國國家科學院院刊》釋出報告中詳述的發現,單獨或與雌激素聯合使用該激素,可以阻止大鼠體內疾病特徵性的關鍵化學異常。

女性患阿爾茨海默病的風險高於男性,科學家將這種差異歸因於更年期後雌激素(已知具有神經保護作用)的下降。因此,許多研究都集中在雌激素在預防或治療該疾病方面的潛在益處。因此,德克薩斯大學休斯頓分校的索佐斯·帕帕索佐梅諾斯和阿里昆朱·沙納瓦斯決定將注意力轉向男性激素睪酮。研究人員專注於該疾病的一個標誌,其中一種名為 tau 的腦蛋白透過稱為過度磷酸化的化學反應形成絲狀纏結,即所謂的神經原纖維纏結。事實證明,將大鼠暴露於高溫會觸發相同的反應。但研究人員發現,在熱暴露之前用睪酮或睪酮與雌激素的組合治療大鼠,可以透過阻止參與該過程的酶的過度啟用來預防 tau 蛋白的過度磷酸化。

帕帕索佐梅諾斯和沙納瓦斯指出,考慮到雌激素會抵消一些雄激素(如睪酮)的影響,單獨使用雌激素可能對阿爾茨海默病有害而不是保護。然而,他們斷言,他們的研究結果表明,單獨給予老年男性或與雌激素一起給予絕經後婦女的睪酮可能有助於預防或治療該疾病。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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