研究發現銀杏無法證實其宣稱的認知益處

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幾乎在任何藥店、超市或街角小商店,更不用說在網際網路上,你都可以找到它。但是,正如製造商所暗示的那樣,銀杏葉真的能提高健康成年人的思維能力嗎?消費者似乎是這麼認為的:1998年,僅在美國,這種膳食補充劑的銷售額就達到了約3.1億美元。然而,今天在《美國醫學會雜誌》上發表文章的研究人員報告說,這些說法似乎經不起科學的推敲。

威廉姆斯學院的保羅·R·所羅門和他的同事對230名60歲及以上的健康成年人進行了一項為期六週的雙盲研究,其中一半受試者服用銀杏,另一半服用安慰劑。參與者在研究期間前後完成了關於學習、記憶、注意力和集中力的標準化測試。研究人員還詢問了受試者本人及其親密的朋友和家人關於認知狀態的任何感知變化。他們的發現是,銀杏服用者在測試中的表現並不比安慰劑服用者好。“銀杏組在自我報告的記憶功能或配偶、朋友和親戚的總體評價方面也與對照組沒有差異,”他們說。

所羅門和他的合作者承認,更高劑量的補充劑或更長時間的暴露可能會產生預期的效果。但他們總結說,他們的結果“表明,當按照製造商的說明服用時,銀杏對具有健康認知功能的成年人在記憶力或相關認知功能方面沒有可衡量的健康益處。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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