松鼠的嗅覺能區分親屬與陌生者

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貝爾丁地松鼠只需輕輕一動鼻子,就能在比閱讀和處理潦草寫就的名牌上的資訊更短的時間內,區分出姐妹、二代表親和完全陌生者。事實上,對包括人類在內的幾種動物物種的研究表明,透過氣味識別親屬並非罕見。然而,貝爾丁地松鼠在這方面似乎特別擅長,並利用獲得的資訊做出攸關生死的決定。

“就好像這些松鼠在讀取 DNA 指紋,並用它們的鼻子繪製家譜,”康奈爾大學心理學家吉爾·M·馬特奧 (Jill M. Mateo) 評論道,她已經在加利福尼亞州的山區研究這些社會性生物五年了。一份描述她的發現的報告將發表在 4 月 7 日出版的《Proceedings: Biological Sciences》(英國皇家學會會刊:生物科學)雜誌上。馬特奧預測,松鼠應該很快就能識別出近親的氣味,但它們會花更多時間嗅聞來自遠親或無關松鼠的不熟悉的氣味化合物。實驗結果證實了這一點。

“它們的嗅覺器官的靈敏度和辨別力令人震驚,”馬特奧評論道。“它們就像毛茸茸的氣相色譜儀。”馬特奧提出,氣味辨別有助於松鼠決定與誰合作保衛領地,或保護誰免受捕食者的侵害。它也可能幫助它們避免近親繁殖。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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