科學家瞭解管蟲如何定居熱液噴口

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圖片:多納爾·T·馬納漢

自從 20 世紀 70 年代後期被發現以來,生活在深海海底高溫、含硫熱液噴口中的生物就吸引了海洋生物學家的目光。然而,儘管進行了近 25 年的研究,但有一個問題特別困擾著他們——即,這些噴口動物的幼蟲是如何擴散和定居到新的噴口?新的噴口可能相距數百公里。現在,發表在最新一期《自然》雜誌上的新發現最終揭示了這個問題。

為了評估幼蟲的壽命和它們可以傳播的距離,南加州大學的多納爾·T·馬納漢和他的同事研究了巨型管蟲Riftia pachyptila右圖)的幼蟲。在從太平洋地點收集樣本後,該團隊透過複製蠕蟲自然環境的溫度和壓力條件,將管蟲胚胎飼養到幼蟲階段,並密切監測它們的發育。他們確定,典型的管蟲幼蟲的潛在壽命約為 38 天,這顯然足夠它們在耗盡食物之前到達另一個噴口並定居下來。


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為了到達下一個噴口,幼蟲顯然會搭乘由來自噴口的熱水和深海冷水混合而產生的、中性浮力的羽流。從那裡,它們讓水流將它們帶到新的家園。伍茲霍爾海洋研究所的團隊成員勞倫·穆利諾克斯說,瞭解管蟲幼蟲的壽命和其他熱液噴口地點的水流條件,應該能使研究人員預測管蟲的擴散。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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