太陽風采樣

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NASA 的科學家們正準備瞭解太陽是由什麼構成的。“創世紀號”宇宙飛船計劃於明年二月發射,剛剛接收了它的最後一件科學裝置:一個由塊體金屬玻璃製成的太陽風收集器——與製造高科技高爾夫球杆的材料屬於同一類。對來自太陽的快速移動的粒子等離子體——太陽風進行取樣,將能夠對太陽成分進行詳細分析,這反過來應該闡明太陽星雲是如何產生我們的太陽系的。

塊體金屬玻璃收集器是幾個將收集首批太陽風樣本的收集瓦片之一。這種塊體金屬玻璃成型合金由加州理工學院的查爾斯·C·海斯設計,是鋯、鈮、銅、鎳和鋁的混合物,它們隨機凝固。由這種合金製成的收集盤允許太陽風粒子嵌入其中——能量越高,穿透越深。回到實驗室後,研究人員可以逐層釋放離子,使用精密的酸蝕刻技術來溶解玻璃。

“創世紀號”需要飛行約 150 萬公里才能到達太陽方向。一旦飛船定位在太陽和地球之間的所謂拉格朗日點,收集板就可以開始接收粒子。2003 年,“創世紀號”將帶著它的“獵物”返回,並有望揭示太陽的秘密。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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