同種族面孔更能激發大腦面孔識別區域的活動

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科學家們長期以來都知道,人類更容易記住自己種族的面孔,而不是其他種族的面孔——正如一種流行的理論認為,這或許是因為人們往往有更多與同種族面孔接觸的經驗。現在,《自然神經科學》雜誌八月號上描述的研究正在揭示這種現象背後的腦部活動。這項研究是最早探索與社會互動相關的神經系統之一。

為了檢驗大腦如何對種族做出反應,斯坦福大學的珍妮弗·L·埃伯哈特和她的同事向非洲裔美國人和歐洲裔美國人展示了來自不同種族的面孔照片,同時使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)記錄他們的大腦活動。該團隊專注於所謂的梭狀回面孔區(FFA),這是一個被認為對人臉識別很重要的腦區,他們發現當受試者觀看自己種族的面孔時,FFA 更為活躍。

這種種族識別偏差究竟為何存在仍不清楚。但作者寫道,“無論本研究中呈現的效果是源於對同種族面孔的更強的感知專業知識,還是源於 FFA 受其他過程的調節,我們的結果都表明,社會因素可以影響對面孔和人的最初感知。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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