研究人員發現感知寒冷的受體

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從冬季的空氣和瓷磚地板,到冰淇淋和薄荷糖,我們經常體驗到寒冷的感覺。然而,儘管寒冷很常見,但科學家們對使我們的身體能夠感知寒冷的細胞和分子機制知之甚少。最近對熱感知的研究揭示了皮膚中感覺神經中的熱受體。現在,《自然》雜誌昨天線上發表的新發現表明,類似的受體對寒冷刺激做出反應。

加州大學舊金山分校的研究團隊著手調查薄荷醇等植物產品如何引起涼爽感。他們的探索引導他們找到了一種特殊的細胞通道,在薄荷醇存在的情況下,該通道會改變離子流入神經細胞的流量。這種變化產生神經訊號,從而產生感覺。事實證明,對薄荷醇有反應的同一種離子通道也會被低溫(攝氏八到二十八度之間)啟用。


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根據該報告,這種冷和薄荷醇敏感受體 (CMR1) 屬於所謂的瞬時受體電位 (TRP) 離子通道家族,已知的熱啟用通道也屬於該家族,使其成為這些受體的“近親分子”。研究人員指出,然而,熱受體僅在產生疼痛的範圍內被啟用。他們寫道,通道靈敏度的這種差異“可能有助於解釋為什麼冷誘發疼痛的心理社會閾值不如熱誘發疼痛那樣明顯”。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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