研究挑戰提出瘧疾增長與全球變暖之間的聯絡

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在全球變暖的預測後果清單中,研究人員近年來增加了一種特別令人不安的可能性:疾病發病率增加。這一預測背後的邏輯很容易理解。傳播疾病的昆蟲——例如蚊子——通常在溫暖的氣候中繁衍生息。在這方面最令人擔憂的疾病可能是瘧疾,它每天已經導致數千人死亡。最近,東非四個高海拔地區瘧疾病例的激增似乎與這一想法非常吻合。然而,今天在《自然》雜誌上發表文章的研究人員斷言,事實上,氣象資料並不支援東非瘧疾復燃與全球變暖之間存在聯絡。

牛津大學的西蒙·海伊和他的同事利用95年的全球陸地氣候資料集,仔細研究了四個高地地點的長期氣候趨勢。研究人員報告稱,在過去一個世紀或在報告的瘧疾復燃期間,溫度、降雨量、蒸氣壓以及適合瘧疾傳播的月份數“沒有發生顯著變化”。


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但是,如果氣溫升高不是導致觀察到的瘧疾增加的原因,那又是什麼原因呢?該團隊認為,經濟、社會和政治因素可以解釋這一趨勢。他們總結說:“氣候學家越確定人類正在影響全球氣候,流行病學家就應該更加批判性地看待表明這些變化影響瘧疾的證據。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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