近期發現的能量產生型光敏色素在海洋微生物中大量存在

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研究人員今天在《自然》雜誌上報告說,最近發現的一種將光轉化為能量的色素存在於世界各地海洋的微生物中。去年秋天首次出現跡象表明存在含有這種光敏色素(被稱為蛋白視紫紅質)的海洋細菌。現在,新的發現表明,蛋白視紫紅質的變體在海洋中大量存在,並且不同的變體適應於利用水柱中不同深度的光。

為了評估海洋中活性光敏色素的普遍性,蒙特雷灣水族館研究所的微生物學家愛德華·F·德龍 (Edward F. DeLong) 和他的同事首先從夏威夷、南極洲和蒙特雷灣收集了海洋微生物。隨後的分析揭示了來自每個區域的樣品中的光化學活性。但是來自這些微生物的蛋白視紫紅質基因並非完全相同。相反,它們因地區而異。在該區域內,該團隊發現了幾組細菌,“它們的能量產生色素在光譜上被調整為適應淺水或深水光場。”

研究人員指出,微生物中光敏色素的濃度表明,它提供了細胞維持和繁殖所需的大部分能量。此外,考慮到攜帶蛋白視紫紅質的細菌的豐富性,這些微生物可能會顯著影響海洋的碳和能量迴圈。德龍說:“技術的進步使我們能夠以新的方式看待海洋微生物世界。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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