計劃燒除可能對森林有益,但威脅鳥類

加入我們的科學愛好者社群!


關於支援科學新聞業

如果您喜歡這篇文章,請考慮透過以下方式支援我們屢獲殊榮的新聞業 訂閱。透過購買訂閱,您正在幫助確保未來能夠繼續講述關於塑造我們當今世界的發現和想法的具有影響力的故事。


美國東部落葉林長期以來的抑制火災歷史產生了意想不到的影響,導致不耐火的樹種(如紅楓)佔據主導地位,而耐火的橡樹則受到排擠。為了恢復橡樹,研究人員正在試驗計劃燒除。但一些生物學家擔心,這些燃燒可能會威脅到該地區的地面築巢鳥類。如果10月份《保護生物學》雜誌上發表的一項研究結果有任何指示意義,他們的擔憂是有道理的。

凱尼恩學院的凡妮莎·阿特曼和她的同事研究了計劃燒除對俄亥俄州四個研究地點的森林鳥類的影響。研究人員以不同的頻率燃燒50至75英畝的區域,監測了30種當地鳥類。經過四年的重複燃燒,他們發現三種地面築巢鳥類——灶鶇、帽斑姬鶲和食蟲鶯——的數量下降了80%以上。該團隊認為,這些下降是由於燃燒導致鳥類賴以築巢的枯枝落葉層、灌木和幼樹減少造成的。

另一方面,由於燃燒,兩種鳥類數量有所增加。美洲知更鳥從稀有變為常見,東部小美洲鶲的數量幾乎翻了一番。這些地區的火災似乎提高了它們的覓食成功率。儘管如此,研究人員得出結論,長期或大規模的計劃燒除可能會改變在美國東部落葉林中繁殖的遷徙鳴禽——也許會變得更糟。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

More by Kate Wong
© .