光合作用的紫色根源

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光合作用是維持地球生命的基本化學過程,長期以來一直是深入科學研究的主題。研究人員多年來已經知道這個過程起源於細菌,但其起源和演化的細節仍然難以捉摸。現在,《科學》雜誌上報道的新的分子研究正在揭示這個故事,並將這一關鍵創新的起源向前推進。

透過對兩種綠色細菌的光合作用基因進行測序,並將這些資料與其他光合細菌譜系的資料進行比較,科學家們生成了一個光合作用系統發育樹,或稱家譜樹。結果表明,那些含有不產生氧的光系統(如紫色細菌)的細菌首先進化。含有產生氧的光系統的細菌後來在藍細菌中進化,藍細菌最終產生了今天綠色植物中發現的葉綠體。

分子資料與這種能量捕獲機制出現的傳統情景相矛盾。紫色細菌曾被認為是最後進化的細菌群之一,因為細菌葉綠素——細菌版本的捕光分子——比綠色植物使用的葉綠素更復雜。然而,新的資料表明,葉綠素來源於細菌葉綠素,而不是相反。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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