貓頭鷹的聽覺依賴於高等數學

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圖片來源:ROIAN EGNOR

即使在黑暗的掩護下,一隻吸引了貓頭鷹注意力的老鼠也毫無機會。幾分鐘之內,這隻鳥就會悄無聲息地俯衝下來,抓住毫無戒心的生物——這種攻擊之所以成為可能,是因為貓頭鷹極其敏銳的聽覺。研究人員知道,貓頭鷹的聽覺靈敏度使其能夠建立聽覺空間的二維地圖。但根據今天發表在《科學》雜誌上的研究結果,他們可能低估了生成這張地圖的神經元的計算能力。大多數神經元被認為將傳入訊號相加,以產生適當的神經反應,而貓頭鷹的聽覺地圖神經元似乎是相乘的。

之前的研究表明,貓頭鷹聽覺系統中的一組神經元記錄耳朵之間的聲級和聲音時間差異,然後將此資訊傳送到聽覺地圖神經元,這些神經元位於腦幹的一個稱為下丘的區域。但地圖神經元究竟如何處理傳入資料尚不清楚。為了解決這個問題,加州理工學院的何塞·路易斯·佩尼亞和金子和正研究了貓頭鷹在戴耳機時暴露於成對聲音的反應。事實證明,乘法模型預測了神經元對各種刺激的反應,準確率約為 98%。


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儘管研究人員可能已經成功地用數學方法描述了這些神經元的行為,但這種乘法的神經生理學基礎仍然是一個謎——他們希望在未來解開這個謎團。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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