章魚手臂有自己的意識

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論及靈活性,即使是我們中最靈活的人也無法與章魚相提並論。肩部、肘部和腕部等關節限制了人類和其他具有關節肢體的生物的機動性。相比之下,章魚缺乏關節。因此,它的手臂擁有幾乎無限的運動自由度。然而,如此靈活的手臂需要特別複雜的控制。新的研究表明,為了滿足這些需求,章魚將部分運動控制分配給嵌入手臂自身的神經迴路,而不是僅僅依賴大腦。這些發現今天發表在《科學》雜誌上。

當章魚伸手去拿東西時,它會以高度刻板和不變的方式進行,展開手臂,使彎曲沿著手臂向尖端傳播(參見右圖)。耶路撒冷希伯來大學的本傑明·霍赫納及其同事測試了手臂-大腦連線被切斷的章魚,發現他們可以透過機械或電氣方式刺激手臂來引發這種特徵性的手臂運動。


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基於這些觀察,研究人員得出結論,章魚手臂包含一個獨立的周圍神經系統。如果是這樣,很可能是大腦控制計劃手臂運動的總體方向,而周圍神經系統處理細節。他們斷言,正是這種神經分工和高度刻板運動的使用,使章魚能夠保持對其異常靈活的附肢的控制。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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