對原始氦的觀測揭示早期宇宙的結構

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天文學家使用 NASA 的 FUSE 衛星以前所未有的細節觀察到瀰漫在太空中的原始氦的纖細網路。作為大爆炸的殘留物,氦為早期宇宙的結構提供了關鍵的見解。“可見星系只是早期宇宙結構中的山峰,”空間望遠鏡科學研究所的團隊成員傑拉德·克里斯指出。“FUSE 對電離氦的觀測向我們展示了山峰之間山丘和山谷的細節。” 這些發現發表在最新一期的《科學》雜誌上。

將 FUSE 對準遙遠的信標——一個位於約 100 億光年之外的類星體——記錄了氦在光線穿過含氦星系際雲時對光線的影響。這些觀測,連同使用哈勃太空望遠鏡進行的補充觀測,追蹤了氦從不透明的開始到透明的結束的轉變。

新發現與早期的跡象非常吻合,這些跡象表明早期宇宙被黑洞和劇烈的恆星形成釋放的輻射重新啟用。“這是一個非常令人興奮的發現,”NASA 戈達德太空飛行中心的喬治·索內伯恩說。“在早期宇宙中尋找電離氦氣森林的光譜特徵是 FUSE 任務的主要目標之一,並且它已出色地實現了。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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