中子星可能含有鑽石核心

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根據今天發表在《物理評論快報》(Physical Review Letters) 上的一項研究,中子星可能蘊藏著巨大的類鑽石核心。這一發現並非來自宇宙採礦工作。相反,研究人員在更小的尺度上進行了探測,調查亞原子夸克的壽命。不同種類的夸克表現出不同的穩定性。例如,所謂的奇異夸克通常遠不如“上”夸克和“下”夸克穩定。然而,在​​中子星內部的高密度環境中,科學家們預計奇異夸克會更容易存在。麻省理工學院 (M.I.T.) 的物理學家克里希納·拉賈戈帕爾 (Krishna Rajagopal) 和弗蘭克·維爾切克 (Frank Wilczek) 進行的這項新研究表明,奇異夸克在中子星內部的表現應該好得多。

科學家們推測,在中子星內部,物質是由上夸克、下夸克和略少量的奇異夸克組成的,並被壓縮到極高的密度。傳統觀點認為,這種夸克物質集體將具有整體正電荷。因此,這種物質應該會吸引電子,並在中子星的核心形成不透明的金屬夸克團塊。但拉賈戈帕爾和維爾切克的計算表明,事實上,奇異夸克的數量與上夸克和下夸克的數量相匹配。因此,中子星中的夸克物質集體將是電中性的——不含電子且透明。

“因此,看來每個中子星內部都可能存在一顆‘像麗思酒店一樣大的鑽石’,”威爾切克評論道。“實際上,它要大得多,密度也高萬億倍。” 雖然這顆恆星的核心既不是固態的,也不是晶體,也不是多面體的,但顯然它會在其邊界反射一些光線,並在其他方面類似於鑽石。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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