猴子能聽見嗎?也許不能

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想象一下在海螺的轟鳴聲中傾聽人們說話。事實上,根據新的研究,猴子就是這樣聽到人類語言的。密歇根州立大學物理學家邁克爾·哈里森今天在美國物理學會的一次會議上描述了他的發現,並解釋了長期以來觀察到的我們自身聽覺能力與我們的靈長類親屬之間存在的差異。

從外部看,猴子的耳朵形狀與人類的耳朵非常相似。但它們在從鼓膜到外耳外部的耳道大小上有所不同;在猴子中,耳道更小。因此,封閉在耳道內的空氣溫度更高,這更容易產生掩蓋聽覺訊號的噪音。“空氣分子就像雞尾酒會上擠在房間裡走動的人們,”哈里森解釋說。“溫度越高,分子——或者說是雞尾酒會的客人——跑動的就越多,噪音也就越大。有了這種隨機噪聲,就更難聽到個別談話。”

這些不連貫的聲波對鼓膜施加“共振壓力”,產生類似於將海螺放在耳邊時所體驗到的效果。與猴子的狀況相反,“正常、健康的人類耳朵可以檢測到非常微弱的訊號,這些訊號幾乎無法從始終存在於我們周圍的隨機噪聲中顯現出來,”哈里森指出。“人類的耳朵是一件了不起的東西。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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