缺失基因使小鼠保持苗條

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研究人員報告稱,缺失單個基因的小鼠即使享用高脂肪飲食也不會增重。這項發現本週由美國國家科學院院刊線上發表,為潛在的遺傳代謝機制提供了新的線索。

該基因被稱為SCD1,編碼一種參與合成單不飽和脂肪酸的酶 (SCD)。之前的研究表明,高 SCD 活性與多種疾病有關,包括肥胖症、糖尿病和動脈粥樣硬化。在這項新工作中,威斯康星大學的詹姆斯·M·恩坦比 (James M. Ntambi) 及其同事發現,缺失SCD1基因的小鼠儘管食用富含脂肪的飲食,但仍設法避免了體重增加和糖尿病的發生。脂肪沒有像往常一樣在肝臟或其他組織中積累,而是被代謝掉了。“我們有生化證據表明,這些小鼠燃燒了多餘的脂肪,”恩坦比指出。“防止肥胖症涉及到能量消耗增加和耗氧量增加。”

然而,缺失SCD1基因也存在缺點:一些經過基因改造的小鼠隨著年齡的增長出現了皮膚和眼睛問題。但恩坦比及其合作者的其他研究表明,產生一半 SCD 酶水平的小鼠是正常的。恩坦比表示,旨在抑制 SCD 產生的脂肪酸的藥物,可能因此在避免肥胖症和糖尿病方面提供保護,而不會產生副作用。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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