瘧疾取得突破

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儘管瘧疾寄生蟲的基本生物學特性在一個多世紀前就已被描述,但今天的科學家們仍在努力理解其陰險的細節。據估計,有 3 億到 5 億人患有瘧疾,這使其成為已知最具破壞性的疾病之一。今天在《美國國家科學院院刊》上報道的研究為這個難題增加了一個重要的新部分,揭示了一種潛在的機制,透過這種機制,寄生蟲在宿主的紅細胞中繁殖後,會掙脫出來,以便入侵更多的紅細胞。

當瘧疾寄生蟲在紅細胞內部時,會產生所謂的“裂殖子”,裂殖子會繼續感染其他細胞。華盛頓大學的研究人員懷疑蛋白降解酶或蛋白酶可能在紅細胞破裂和釋放裂殖子中發揮作用,因此研究了一種名為 E64 的蛋白酶阻斷藥物對裂殖子逃逸的影響。雖然紅細胞膜讓位了,但這種藥物似乎阻止了第二層膜的破裂,這第二層膜包裹著成簇的裂殖子。因此,該團隊提出,寄生蟲釋放是一個兩步過程,其中包裹成簇的裂殖子從紅細胞中逸出,隨後透過蛋白降解機制從它們自身的膜中逃脫。儘管理解確切的機制還需要進一步研究,但這些發現最終可能為抗瘧藥物開發人員提供一個新的靶點。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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