英國“瘋牛病”綿羊可能增加人類死亡人數

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最近一項旨在確定英國羊群是否攜帶牛海綿狀腦病(BSE),即瘋牛病的嘗試,最終以一場只能被形容為極其尷尬的失敗告終。研究的組織樣本結果來自牛,而非羊。因此,綿羊是否攜帶BSE(在人類中以變異型克雅氏病 (vCJD) 的形式出現)仍然未知。然而,如果它們確實攜帶BSE,並且能夠將病原體傳播給人類,那麼公共健康風險可能會遠遠超過僅由受感染牛隻造成的風險,這是根據《自然》雜誌今天線上發表的一篇報告得出的結論。

為了評估羊群疫情的潛在影響,倫敦帝國學院的尼爾·M·弗格森及其同事考慮了三種可能的情景。在最佳情況下,BSE不會在羊群內部或羊群之間傳播,因此對vCJD疫情的影響微乎其微。但在最壞的情況下,BSE會在羊群內部和羊群之間瘋狂傳播,並將vCJD死亡人數從僅由受感染牛隻造成的最多5萬至10萬人增加到總共多達15萬人。


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好訊息是,對綿羊產品施加目前對牛施加的相同限制,可以將感染BSE的綿羊帶來的風險降低高達90%。儘管如此,作者指出,他們的研究結果強調了進一步調查的必要性。弗格森評論說:“我們的估計最終取決於其他研究人員收集的資訊的質量和數量,我們認為對全國羊群進行大規模檢測以及額外的實驗研究是當務之急。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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