龍蝦殼顏色變化釋疑

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龍蝦殼在烹飪過程中呈現出的紅色,無論從哪個角度來看都非常引人注目。長期以來,究竟是什麼原因導致其顏色從紫藍色轉變為鮮紅色一直是個謎。但最新的研究終於揭示了這種現象背後的分子機制。

曼徹斯特大學的米歇爾·錢奇及其同事在最近發表於《美國國家科學院院刊》上的一份報告中指出,關鍵在於龍蝦殼蛋白β-甲殼藍蛋白。在活龍蝦中,這種分子與一種名為蝦青素的色素分子結合,使其扁平化,從而呈現藍色(對於甲殼類動物偽裝來說,這是一種很好的顏色)。然而,在未結合狀態下,蝦青素的色調為紅橙色。事實證明,烹飪龍蝦會使β-甲殼藍蛋白變性,從而釋放蝦青素,使蝦殼呈現鮮紅色。

探測顏色變化需要該團隊使用X射線晶體學來分析β-甲殼藍蛋白複合物的三維結構。這並非易事:顧名思義,該技術需要色素結合蛋白的晶體——而傳統的生長方法未能產生這種晶體。倫敦帝國學院的團隊成員內奧米·查延最終使用所謂的微批次法培養出了晶體,該方法是在油中生長晶體。


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查延指出,除了解決一個長期存在的生物學難題外,新的發現可能還具有有趣的生物醫學應用。“這可能會使蝦青素作為不溶於水的藥物的藥物輸送機制得到重要的新用途,併為新型食用色素或染料的設計者提供有趣的新功能,”她評論道。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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