深海中的小生物 [幻燈片]

一種新型機器人成功捕獲了生活在極深海洋中的奇異物種的幼蟲

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在水深超過2150米的海洋中,水壓高達每平方釐米220公斤。海洋學家們曾嘗試捕捉這些漆黑、寒冷和高壓環境中生物的樣本,他們不得不高速吸入海水並嘗試過濾出生物體,但這一過程常常會損壞它們。但是,由杜克大學、俄勒岡大學和伍茲霍爾海洋研究所領導的一個團隊上週捕獲了16種不同動物的完整幼蟲。

科學家們使用了一種名為SyPRID的新型取樣器,它由一艘名為Sentry的自主水下航行器攜帶到深海。工程師們在八個多小時的時間裡,以精確而緩慢的模式操縱著機器人。這種操控本身標誌著一項成就,因為它幾乎沒有擾動航行器前方的水域——這是一個常見的難題,它會將微小的幼蟲推出車輛的路徑,在儀器能夠將其吸入之前。這種細長的圓柱形取樣器每小時處理大量的水,但速度足夠慢,不會傷害脆弱的生物,它們的直徑只有幾百微米。伍茲霍爾的車輛專案經理卡爾·凱澤在一封電子郵件中說,最後的訣竅“是將大部分幼蟲送到一個相對靜止的區域,在那裡它們可以進一步免受流動水的衝擊。”

科學家們渴望獲得來自極深海洋的常見和稀有生物的完整標本,尤其是在生命的早期幼蟲階段,因為這些樣本可以解釋很多關於海洋食物網、海洋生態系統不斷變化的性質以及從海底滲出的甲烷可能如何影響海洋化學性質的資訊。


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在隨附的幻燈片中可以看到兩張Sentry和SyPRID的圖片以及九張美麗的幼蟲圖片(見下方連結)。說明文字基於俄勒岡大學團隊成員勞雷爾·海伯特的描述。這項工作得到了美國國家科學基金會的支援。

本文於2015年7月31日從原始版本更新。

 

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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