麻風病的小基因組

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每年,麻風病侵襲近 70 萬人,造成毀滅性的神經損傷、感覺喪失和毀容。但是,今天發表在《自然》雜誌上的一項關於麻風桿菌基因組的新分析,為這種微生物的神秘之處提供了新的見解。研究結果最終可能為診斷和治療該疾病提供更好的方法。

巴黎巴斯德研究所的斯蒂芬·T·科爾和他的同事將麻風桿菌(Mycobacterium leprae)的基因序列與結核桿菌(M. tuberculosis)的基因序列(一種近親)進行了比較。有趣的是,他們發現麻風桿菌經歷了主要的還原進化。也就是說,它丟失了大量基因——事實上,丟失的基因如此之多,以至於它現在只剩下生存所需的最低限度。由於許多丟失的基因參與代謝,因此該生物體分裂緩慢,再加上其營養需求仍然讓研究人員難以捉摸,這使得在實驗室中培養它非常困難。但是,由於需要篩選的基因相對較少,科學家們現在將更容易識別重要的基因。

瞭解麻風桿菌的序列應有助於研究人員識別分子藥物靶點——例如,參與代謝的剩餘少量基因的產物——以及可能促進開發新的疾病診斷測試的蛋白質。這項新研究同樣可能有助於開發新型結核病藥物和疫苗的努力。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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