正常體重兒童的智商和出生體重也存在關聯

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近年來,許多研究表明,低出生體重嬰兒在學齡時期的智商測試得分較低。現在,《英國醫學雜誌》最新一期發表的研究結果表明,出生時的大小與智商之間的聯絡也存在於正常出生體重的兒童中。根據這項研究,體重較重的嬰兒在兒童智力測試中得分更高。

紐約醫學院的托馬斯·馬特和他的同事調查了3000多名兒童(其中大多數出生體重正常)出生體重與七歲時測得的智力之間的關係。即使考慮了母親年齡、種族、教育程度、社會經濟地位和出生順序等因素,該團隊也發現兩者之間存在直接關聯。

這種關係在男孩中尤為明顯。例如,出生體重每增加一公斤,男孩的智商得分就會增加4.6分,而女孩的出生體重每增加一公斤,智商得分僅增加2.8分。


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作者寫道:“持續投入大量精力來理解低出生體重的原因、其神經發育後果以及連線兩者的機制。”“來自這項研究和其他研究的證據表明,這些努力應該擴大範圍,以檢查對出生體重正常者胎兒生長的影響以及這種變異的神經發育後果。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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