颶風帕特里夏迅速成為西半球有史以來最強風暴

最高風速遠超颶風卡特里娜或桑迪

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在過去的24小時內,颶風帕特里夏逼近墨西哥西海岸,迅速增強成為西半球有記錄以來最強的風暴。 截至今天早上,空軍飛機的資料顯示,峰值風速(持續一分鐘)為每小時200英里,表面壓力降至最低點 880 毫巴(海平面典型壓力為 1013 毫巴)。 這些數字使帕特里夏超過了之前的記錄保持者:2005年的颶風威爾瑪和 1988年的颶風吉爾伯特。

國家颶風中心週五上午表示,帕特里夏登陸墨西哥海岸時風速可能升至每小時 205 英里,這將是全球有史以來最高的登陸讀數。 2013年“超級颱風”海燕襲擊菲律賓時,風速為每小時 195 英里。

相比之下,卡特里娜颶風在墨西哥灣達到頂峰並淹沒新奧爾良之前的最低壓力讀數(衡量強度的真正指標)為 902 毫巴。 襲擊紐約市和新澤西州的桑迪颶風的最低點為 940 毫巴。 重要的是要注意,極端讀數通常發生在風暴仍在海上時,並且在登陸前經常減弱——儘管帕特里夏的情況可能並非如此。 卡特里娜颶風橫掃墨西哥灣沿岸時的最高風速為每小時 125 英里,而桑迪颶風登陸紐約市時風速峰值為每小時 94 英里。


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接下來,是西半球最強和最臭名昭著的颶風的資料

帕特里夏 (2015):最高風速 200 英里/小時;最低氣壓 880 毫巴。 威脅墨西哥西海岸。

威爾瑪 (2005):最高風速 185 英里/小時;最低氣壓 882 毫巴。 襲擊尤卡坦半島和佛羅里達州。

吉爾伯特 (1988):最高風速 185 英里/小時;最低氣壓 888 毫巴。 襲擊加勒比海地區、尤卡坦半島、得克薩斯州。

卡特里娜 (2005):最高風速 175 英里/小時;最低氣壓 902 毫巴。 襲擊墨西哥灣沿岸地區。

桑迪 (2012):最高風速 115 英里/小時;最低氣壓 940 毫巴。 襲擊美國東海岸。

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Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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