哈勃深入探討重元素的出現

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天文學家使用哈勃太空望遠鏡探測一個鄰近星系時,在其宇宙塵埃中取得了一項驚人的發現。根據週一在加利福尼亞州帕薩迪納舉行的美國天文學會會議上提出的研究結果,小麥哲倫星雲 (SMC) 中星際塵埃雲的成分與銀河系塵埃雲的成分不同。這一發現可能迫使研究人員重新思考當前關於星際塵埃和重元素演化的觀點。

芝加哥大學的丹尼爾·韋爾蒂和他的同事使用哈勃的成像攝譜儀梳理了 SMC 中已死亡恆星的可回收殘餘物。此前,科學家們一直認為星際雲的構成在不同的雲之間是相同的。但吸收線光譜分析顯示,事實上,兩個星系雲中某些重元素的相對比例是不同的。具體來說,銀河系星際雲中的氣體缺乏鐵和矽(這表明這些元素佔據了塵埃),而SMC星際雲中的氣體則表現出鐵含量低而矽含量高——表明那裡的塵埃幾乎不含矽。

團隊成員唐納德·約克觀察到:“這可能是實際測量固體粒子在太空中形成和發展的不同方式的突破,這將最終幫助我們瞭解恆星形成。” 研究人員指出,如果 SMC 的塵埃確實主要由鐵組成,這可能會影響恆星演化。約克說:“人們需要塵埃顆粒來產生分子氫,從而產生冷卻,進而產生恆星。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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