海洛因治療可能促進 HIV 感染

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研究人員早已知道,靜脈注射吸毒者感染 HIV 的風險很高。疾病不僅透過受 HIV 汙染的針頭傳播,而且常用的藥物(如海洛因和嗎啡等阿片類藥物)也會刺激免疫細胞中 HIV 的複製。現在,新的研究表明,美沙酮(一種廣泛用於治療海洛因成癮者的藥物)可能具有相同的效果。根據昨天在荷蘭烏得勒支精神神經免疫學研究協會會議上公佈的研究結果,美沙酮在細胞培養中促進 HIV 感染。

具體而言,費城兒童醫院的何文哲及其同事發現,美沙酮增強了人類小膠質細胞和巨噬細胞(作為病毒在感染者體內的儲存庫的細胞)的 HIV 感染。(顯然,該藥物增加了細胞膜所謂的 CCR5 受體的表達,這使得 HIV 能夠進入。)此外,美沙酮將潛伏的 HIV 感染轉化為從 HIV 感染患者身上提取的血細胞中的活躍 HIV 複製。

何文哲報告說:“這些結果支援了我們的假設,即像其他阿片類藥物一樣,美沙酮可能會增加 HIV 感染的風險。” “應進行進一步調查,以研究我們的實驗室結果是否準確反映了接受美沙酮治療的患者的 HIV 感染進展情況。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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