輻射源範圍從香菸到 CT 掃描

你正在接受多少毫西弗?2011 年 5 月《圖形科學》的特別線上版增刊

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日本的福島第一核電站事故使人們更加關注人們從不同來源(見下表)接觸到的電離輻射量。到目前為止,最大的來源是醫學影像技術(見2011年5月刊的“圖形科學:曝光”)。美國人平均每年從地球上的氡氣和來自宇宙的宇宙射線等自然背景因素中接觸到 3.1 毫西弗的輻射。安全專家建議公眾每年接受的輻射量應低於此水平 1 毫西弗,儘管他們不將醫療程式包括在該限制之內,因為這些程式可能會帶來健康益處。以下是一些常見來源的列表。

全身平均輻射劑量(毫西弗)

每年自然背景(美國):3.1

機場掃描器(反向散射法):0.0001

每年天然氣烹飪:0.0004

手臂 X 光:0.001

骨密度 X 光:0.001

每年公路旅行:0.004

牙科 X 光:0.005

國內航班(五小時):0.017

每天吸一包煙一年:0.36

乳房 X 光檢查:0.4

福島緊急救援人員每小時1.0

腦部 CT 掃描:2.0

甲狀腺掃描(核醫學):4.8

腦部掃描(核醫學):6.9

骨盆 CT 掃描:10

冠狀動脈 CT 血管造影:16

宇航員在空間站一年:72 資料來源:國家輻射防護與測量委員會;RadiologyInfo.org

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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