女性教育降低嬰兒和兒童死亡率

更明智的母親決策預防主要死亡原因

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到目前為止,降低五歲以下兒童死亡率的最重要因素是提高女性教育水平。在世界各國,無論女性受教育年限是從10年增加到11年,還是從兩年增加到三年,根據華盛頓大學健康指標與評估研究所最近的一項研究,嬰兒死亡率都會下降

受教育程度較高的女性往往生育較少的子女,部分原因是就業機會增加以及對避孕知識的瞭解更多;家庭中孩子較少會提高嬰兒的存活機會。更多的教育還有助於女性在許多健康和疾病因素方面做出更好的決定,例如產前護理、基本衛生、營養和免疫接種——這些對於降低五歲以下兒童的主要死亡原因至關重要,如下所示。

— Mark Fischetti

死因

死亡百分比

新生兒*

41

其他

16

腹瀉

14

肺炎

14

瘧疾

8

損傷

3

HIV/艾滋病

2

麻疹

1



*早產併發症(12%),出生窒息(9%),敗血症(6%),其他(5%),肺炎(4%),先天性疾病(3%),腹瀉(1%),破傷風(1%)



來源(資料):世界衛生組織,聯合國兒童基金會


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Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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