轉基因番茄植株不懼鹽水

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每年,近2500萬英畝曾經可耕種的土地因含鹽灌溉水而流失。沉積在田地中的鹽分破壞了植物透過根部吸收水分的能力,降低了生產力,有時甚至會使植物完全脫水。幾十年來,科學家們一直試圖透過選擇性育種來開發耐鹽作物,但都無濟於事。現在,在8月刊的《自然生物技術》雜誌上描述的發現,為我們帶來了最初的希望種子。根據該報告,研究人員已經對番茄植株進行了基因改造,使其能在鹽水中茁壯成長。

早期的研究已經確定了一種植物蛋白,它可以隔離鹽分,將其儲存在細胞內區室中,使其不會擾亂植物正常的生化程式。在這一工作的基礎上,加州大學戴維斯分校的愛德華多·布魯姆瓦爾德和多倫多大學博士後研究員張洪霞對番茄植株進行了基因操作,使其製造更多所謂的轉運蛋白。即使在用比正常海水鹹50倍的水灌溉時,由此產生的植物也能生長並結出果實——比海水鹹三分之一還多。

研究人員在溫室中種植了這些耐鹽植物,但布魯姆瓦爾德希望未來能在鹽鹼化土壤中進行田間試驗。他指出,如果一切按計劃進行,科學家們可以在三年內開發出這些轉基因番茄植株的商業化版本。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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