海豹媽媽延遲離巢,直到幼崽學會辨認母親的聲音

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對於海豹幼崽來說,在擁擠的環境中識別母親聲音的能力可能攸關生死:正如大多數群居哺乳動物物種一樣,雌性海豹只餵養自己的幼崽。現在,研究亞南極海狗的科學家們發現,為了促進這一學習過程,海豹媽媽會延遲其產後首次捕魚之旅,直到它的叫聲深深印在幼崽的記憶中。這項新發現發表在最新一期的《自然》雜誌上。

法國聖埃蒂安讓·莫內大學的生物學家伊莎貝爾·查裡耶和她的同事們使用了雌性海狗叫聲的錄音,來追蹤幼崽對其自身母親叫聲和陌生海豹叫聲的反應發展。他們觀察到,幼崽在出生後幾個小時內會對任何雌性海豹的叫聲做出反應。然而,在兩到五天後,它們只回應母親的叫聲。該團隊進一步指出,母親的首次離巢(發生在產後兩到十天)取決於幼崽識別母親聲音的能力。

當母親從持續兩到三週的覓食之旅返回時,它會在返回岸邊後不久開始呼叫。它的幼崽會回應叫聲,兩者繼續交流,直到它們在群體中的其他成員中重聚。這個系統似乎運作良好。當研究人員測量幼崽在首次海上遠足返回後找到母親所需的時間時,他們發現 66% 的母子配對在七分鐘內重聚;其餘的在 11 分鐘內找到了彼此。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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