蛋白質摺疊錯誤可能致命

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從阿爾茨海默病到II型糖尿病等疾病可能源於相同的分子錯誤:蛋白質的錯誤摺疊,然後它們聚集起來並在細胞中造成嚴重破壞。科學家們說,消除這些聚集體可能潛在地阻止或逆轉這些疾病造成的損害。

在今天發表於《自然》(Nature) 期刊上的一項研究中,劍橋大學的克里斯托弗·多布森 (Christopher Dobson) 及其同事報告說,即使是通常無害的蛋白質,當被誘導錯誤摺疊並聚集在一起時,也會殺死培養細胞。他們說,這些聚集體的內在毒性否定了“避免這種蛋白質聚集對於維持生物功能至關重要”的觀點。此外,研究人員指出,這表明退行性疾病(如阿爾茨海默病和克雅氏病——所謂的蛋白質沉積病)都具有這種聚集特徵。

哈佛大學研究員丹尼斯·塞爾科 (Dennis Selkoe) 及其同事在同一期期刊中詳細介紹的第二項研究發現,當將澱粉樣β蛋白(在阿爾茨海默病患者中會聚整合大塊)的小聚集體或寡聚體注射到大鼠大腦中時,會損害突觸功能。作者總結說,因此,降低潛在危險的澱粉樣β蛋白寡聚體的水平可能代表了一種有吸引力的阿爾茨海默病治療方法。為此,他們已經確定了兩種抑制寡聚體形成的化合物。但他們補充說,抗聚集化合物還必須降低單體濃度,以阻止最初的聚集。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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