DDT辯論

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每年有超過一百萬人死於瘧疾。為了控制這種蚊子傳播的殺手,許多國家仍然使用DDT,用這種殺蟲劑噴灑房屋。然而,一些研究人員認為,人類暴露於DDT會帶來健康風險。他們希望禁止DDT,並引入更新、更安全的產品。然而,許多瘧疾肆虐的國家,特別是非洲國家,無法負擔得起替代品。此外,某些地區可能存在對替代化學品具有抗藥性的蚊子。這些問題構成了本週出版的《英國醫學雜誌》上發表的辯論的基礎。

一方面,哈佛大學的阿米爾·阿塔蘭和拉金德拉·馬哈拉傑斷言,噴灑DDT是一種廉價且高效的防治瘧疾的方法,並已獲得世界衛生組織的批准。此外,他們報告稱,公共衛生益處遠遠超過DDT所謂的健康風險,而這些風險從未得到證實。世界野生動物基金會的理查德·利羅夫持相反立場,他認為應該逐步淘汰DDT,並用更安全的替代品取而代之。利羅夫認為,研究表明,生命早期暴露於DDT可能會導致有害影響。他還指出,許多DDT的替代品已被非常成功地使用。然而,要使最貧窮的國家能夠實現轉變,就需要發達國家提供財政和技術援助,他指出。隨著聯合國環境規劃署本週在約翰內斯堡召開會議討論逐步淘汰DDT,利羅夫的願景可能很快就會實現。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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