宇宙撞擊可能促成恐龍崛起

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我們通常認為小行星撞擊是某些生命篇章的終結。但新的發現表明,就恐龍而言,正是這樣的撞擊也可能促成了它們的崛起。今天在《科學》雜誌上發表文章的研究人員報告說,地質學和古生物學證據表明,大約2億年前發生了一次天體撞擊,為恐龍的崛起清除了世界舞臺。

羅格斯大學的丹尼斯·V·肯特和他的同事說,對北美東部地區沉積層進行的地球化學分析顯示,在三疊紀和侏羅紀的邊界處,元素銥的含量出現了明顯的峰值。(事實證明,銥在地球上很稀有,但在太空物體中卻很常見。)重要的是,銥含量升高緊隨大型肉食恐龍的最早已知足跡之後。同樣,來自化石記錄的進一步線索表明,雖然其他生物在那段時間以驚人的速度滅絕,但恐龍卻在蓬勃發展,體型和多樣性都在增加。

作者總結說:“證據表明,非恐龍多樣性的急劇下降是由外在的環境災難造成的。” “由此導致的競爭壓力下降是大型獸腳類動物在全球範圍內傳播的觸發因素,而這些動物,連同倖存的原蜥腳類動物和鳥臀目動物,建立了在接下來的[1.35億年]中在陸地世界中看到的熟悉的全球恐龍主導的生態模式。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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