寬鬆的隱蔽攜帶槍支法律是否增加了襲擊事件?

近年來,槍支管制法律變化迅速;它們如何影響犯罪率是激烈爭論的話題

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7月20日在科羅拉多州奧羅拉市一家電影院發生的悲劇性槍擊事件重新引發了關於槍支管制和允許公民攜帶隱蔽武器的法律的長期爭論。一些人認為,電影院裡武裝的平民本可以減輕週五的屠殺,而另一些人則認為,更多的槍支可能會導致更大的混亂和更多的人員傷亡。

事實上,今天公民手中的槍支比以往任何時候都多。儘管美國成年人口中擁有槍支的比例較低,但那些擁有槍支的人擁有多支;每位擁有者的平均槍支數量從1994年的每人4.1支增加到2004年的6.9支。

隨著槍支擁有量的增長,允許人們攜帶隱蔽武器的寬鬆法規也在增加。這些法律的增長非常明顯。隱蔽攜帶法律可以是“必須頒發”或“可以頒發”的型別;在“必須頒發”的州,如果滿足某些標準,執法部門必須頒發許可證,而在“可以頒發”的州,執法部門有酌處權。科羅拉多州是一個“必須頒發”的州,儘管一些企業,例如發生槍擊事件的電影院,禁止在其場所攜帶槍支。


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儘管最近發生了悲劇,但更多的州也在考慮允許在酒吧、教堂和大學校園攜帶隱蔽武器的立法。這兩種趨勢都令人擔憂,因為它們在更多公共場所放置了更多隱藏的槍支。寬鬆的槍支管制法律是否會導致槍支暴力增加是一個激烈爭論的問題,但有必要研究以確定這種關聯的根源,以便立法者能夠保護公民的生命和權利。

圖表作者:Jen Christiansen

Evelyn Lamb is a freelance math and science writer based in Salt Lake City, Utah.

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Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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