化療會導致癌細胞過早衰老

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關於癌症的傳統觀念認為,阻止這種疾病的唯一方法是殺死正在繁殖的細胞。科學家們認為,僅僅使用藥物阻止細胞分裂是行不通的,因為細胞最終會修復並恢復增殖。但是,昨天在《美國國家科學院院刊》的早期線上版上發表的一份報告中描述的一項新研究表明,事實上,許多停止分裂的受治療腫瘤細胞會永久停止。這些發現可能為新的抗癌藥物指明方向。

為了評估化療對治療後存活的癌細胞的影響,伊利諾伊大學的伊戈爾·羅尼森及其同事研究了暴露於藥物多柔比星的結腸癌細胞。研究小組發現,存活的細胞看起來很像因衰老(即衰老)而停止生長的正常細胞。對衰老細胞分子變化的分析顯示,細胞激活了許多基因,其中約有 10 個基因可以阻止細胞生長。其中一些所謂的腫瘤抑制基因在正常細胞中起作用,但在細胞癌變時會關閉。藥物誘導的衰老似乎會重新開啟這些基因,從而阻止細胞分裂。

然而,一些藥物也會啟用有害基因。例如,經過治療的結腸癌細胞開啟了已知會刺激周圍細胞生長的基因。它們還開啟了臭名昭著的 p21 基因,該基因本身會啟用許多與老年相關疾病(包括阿爾茨海默病)相關的基因。然而,其他研究表明情況並非總是如此。因此,羅尼森斷言,應該可以開發出啟用與衰老相關的生長抑制劑,而又不會引起有害副作用的抗癌藥物。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大眾科學 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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