喜馬拉雅冰川正在消融

內部湖泊在短短幾天內因融冰而排空和重新注滿

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由於全球變暖,喜馬拉雅冰川正在融化並在邊緣退縮。但它們也隱藏著氣候變化一個更不祥的影響:它們正在消融。它們正在因融化而失去內部冰量,這可能會大大加速它們的消失。科學家最近捕捉到即時影片,顯示冰川正在排出自身的融水,速度遠超專家們的想象。

科羅拉多大學博爾德分校的地質學家烏利亞納·霍羅迪斯基攀登到尼泊爾恩戈宗巴冰川海拔5000米處。

科學家們曾推測,這些湖泊會隨著時間的推移,緩慢地被地表融水填滿,但霍羅迪斯基的影片顯示,這些湖泊可以在短短兩天內排空,然後在不到一週的時間內重新注滿,並一遍又一遍地重複這個迴圈,透過內部通道沖刷出大量的融冰,這些通道最終通向底層的岩石或冰川的邊緣。有規律的排放表明,融化的冰比之前認為的要多得多。有一次,霍羅迪斯基在一個湖泊排空後迅速爬到湖邊,檢查暴露在高水位線以下的白色冰壁。湖泊很快就會重新注滿。


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冰川湖泊中水位的上升和下降也可能加劇冰崩——即冰壁沿著水體突然崩塌。

消融可能導致冰川消失的速度比邊緣融化的速度更快。“南美和喜馬拉雅冰川的冰量流失速度最快,但其中大部分來自垂直消融,”霍羅迪斯基說,她最近在舊金山舉行的美國地球物理聯合會會議上報告了她的一些發現。例如,珠穆朗瑪峰北側的某些冰川在過去一個世紀中高度下降了100米,她說。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大眾科學 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大眾科學 Mind and 大眾科學 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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